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USA
independence
Monroe-Doctrine
main ideas
history
Declaration
of Independence
explanation
analysis
 quote
principles
human rights democracy
capitalism
Since the Industrial Revolution, capitalism gradually spread from
Europe, particularly from Britain, across global political and cultural
frontiers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, capitalism provided the main,
but not exclusive, means of industrialization throughout much of the
world
American
Revolutionary war explanation
After the decleration of independence 1776 the
colonists defeated the British in 1783
origins
politics
Influence through the "country" party in English politics, which
denounced the corruption surrounding the "court" party in London. This
approach produced a political ideology called republicanism
Corruption was the greatest possible evil, and civic
virtue required men to put civic goals ahead of their personal desires
men had to volunteer to fight for their country
philosophy
Montesquieu: System of balances the philosophy of John Locke: Idea of
social contract Jean-Jaque Rousseau:
crisis
While there were many causes of the American
Revolution, it was a series of specific events, or crises, that finally
triggered the outbreak of war.
Patriot calls for an intercolonial conference were
answered by the First Continental Congress which began meeting in
Philadelphia and which soon became a de facto national government
The Battle of Lexington and Concord took place April 19,
1775, when the British sent a regiment to confiscate arms and arrest
revolutionaries in Concord. It was the first fighting of the American
Revolutionary War, and immediately the news aroused the 13 colonies to
call out their militias and send troops to besiege Boston
cartoon
On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine published a
political pamphlet entitled Common Sense arguing that the only solution
to the problems with Britain was republicanism and independence from
Great Britain.
~ Declaration of Independence
Treaty
of Paris
explanation
content
Puritanism
and Religion
Calvinism
John
Calvin
basic
idea
Puritanism
values
work hard to become successfull special interest in
the Old Testament
explanation
dissenters who wants to live their own religion
religion
in the USA
seperation of state and religion US image is formed
by religious belief and patriotism
new
development
Protestant churches have declined Conservative
churches have grown the electronic church gets more and more important
facts
just 60% are members of a church religion is
business and follows the law of competition Major faith are:
Chtholicism, Protestantism and Judaism
Presbyterianism
believe in special destiniy think they are gods
chosen people
based
on Manifest Destiny
explanation
mission to expand frontierspirit
key
themes
the virtue of the American people and their institutions
the mission to spread these institutions, thereby
redeeming and remaking the world in the image of
the U.S.
the destiny under God to accomplish this work
The first theme is traced to American Puritanism.
A lot of people agreed to the belief that the US embodies new ideals of
freedom and democracy
influences
and consequences
~ Puritanism mission to bring
peace and democracy to the world
American
Dream
social idea of
individualism or development of the own personality
The American Dream is the belief that in the United
States of America, hard work can lead to a better life, usually through
the earnings of money. These were values held by many early European
settlers
American
Nightmare excluded
people
Indians blacks homless people
economically
exploration of ressources constant competition fear
to lose
today
dot com boom -> interest in the internet dream that
all children can go to school and get an education to open up new
spheres in space
values
pursuit of happiness
belief in equality, freedom, progress competition and
hard work personal advancements
power
and strengh military
power
aircraft carrier nuclear power careless use of weapons (50% of all
Americans own weapons) all the services are under the command of the
president of the United States of America
explanation -organisation
economically
pro
good
education and jobs
service sector white collar workers
global
players and culture
IBM Disney Mc Donalds more or less stable currency
stock trading large markets
innovation
leading
technology
science genetic
engineering biotechnology NASA computer
based
on
better production methods growing population
increasing infrastructure natural resources immigration mobility system
of free enterprise Puritan values
impact
increasing middle class and living standard attract
investors creation of mills and mines
great gap between poor and rich
expansion
frontierspirit
open up new land means new chances possibility of starting a new life
formed
the American character
self- reliance individualism initiative
enterprneurial spirit
new
frontiers
space science (cloning)
American
Old West
Homestead
Act
American
Dream from dishwasher to millionaire be successfull own money be the
master of your own destiny
world
leadership positive
view dominant
world power
~
economical power ~ military power
land
of unlimited opportunities
attracts immigrants offer new chances
increases
national autonomy
open up new markets enter other markets wants
economical competition rather than military confrontation
preservation
of peace
defense sysems treaties
participation in peacekeeping missions in worlds major
trouble spots
decisive
power in conflicts
First World War
Second
World War
Cold
War
foreign
policy Americanisation
loss of other non- American culture
dominant
American culture global players influence of advertisement
act
against the international law
don't respect UN decisions (e.g. Iraq war)
export weapons in third
world countries increase of conflicts
don't
act according to their own values
-
-
no equality social services health system gap
between poor and rich
-
-
no freedom introduction of a quota concerning
immigration people have to assimilate
The war in Iraq was originally justified as part of the
U.S.-led war on terrorism. Specifically, the Bush Administration argued
that Saddam Hussein had ties to al-Qaeda, and that his overthrow would
lead to democratization in the Middle East, decreasing terrorism overall.
actuator
of the war were the terroristic attacs onseptember 9/11
Approximately one month after the attacks, the
United States led a broad coalition of international forces to invade
Afghanistan in pursuit of al-Qaeda forces in order to topple the Taliban
regime for harboring what it referred to as a terrorist organization
reject
international help
e.g. Kathrina want to prevent their image
act
according to their own interest
war because of oil (waste of oil) pollution of the
environment
Kyoto
Protocol
the USA wastes a lot of raw material and causes
pollution but not takes part in the protocol
need
no reasons for war
cowboy image dominance of power police the world
force
others to free their trade
open markets stock trade
Bush
act like a Terminator
no ideas how to solve domestic problems seems to be
not really informed solution for problems is voiolence softs sepeation
between church and policy
exaggerated
self- image
religious conflicts cultural conflicts
innerpolitical
problems employment
people have to work harder for less higher and fire
mentality
high
unemployment rate
mechanisation
globalisation
automation Some of the likely costs of unemployment for
society include increased poverty, crime, political instability, mental
health problems, and diminished issue in economics.
economy
negative trade balance: More Imports than exports
dollar not stable anymore fear that Arabic states will trade oil in
Euros
gap
between poor and rich
millions of poor people high crime rate
high
costs of health care
American
Nightmare
no money no success
natural
disasters
hurricans earthquakes tsunamis
war to distract from innerpolitical problems
crime
and punishment background
there are 34 million serious crimes each year but
just 3 millions are arrested (costs) over 50% of the people own weapons
there is a higher crime rate than in other western states
National
Rifle Association
right to own a gun based on the second Amendment
reasons
for crime
low education alcohol or drug abuse social problems
urbanisation
measurements
prevention
better education youth should work in prison (experiences)
resocialisation
find a job social integration
death
penalty
pro
without there would be more criminal delicts because criminals have
nothing to loose high costs trials are paid by tax payers overcrowded
cells and courts
con
no second chance discrimination of blacks inhumane prevention instead of
punishment
info
In most places that practice capital punishment today,
the death penalty is reserved as punishment for premeditated murder,
espionage, treason, or as part of military justice.
immigration
and integration history
info
introduction of a quota
today
mixed suburban communities interracial marrige
accepted accepted in higher positions and sport racism declines
background
models
Pizza
the pizza - model combines the idea of assimilation and
pluralism in one culture
salad
bowl
reasons
USA
USA has little difficulties to integrate the people
America as dominant and attractive culture America as a culture of
different ethnics find better jobs or payment flee from war, persecution
or disease dream of a better future
problems
immigrants
own culture
religion habits language moral law live below
poverty line high crime rate
growth of population -racial
composition
explanation
immigration
racial
integration assimilation
Assimilation can have negative implications for
national minorities or aboriginal cultures, in that after assimilation
the distinctive features of the original culture will be minimized and
may disappear altogether.
multiculturalism
pro
based on civil right equality of all people benefit through cultural
exchange learn from the other cultures learn to respect others
con
no social intergration no national unity no assimilation fragmentation
of society creation of cultural ghettos
multiculturalist policies can be seen as opposing
assimilation
race
of the future
acts
introduction of quotas are necessery to keep the
economy and health care system stable quotas are against the American
Dream and the imagination of unlimited opportunities
slavery
Civil
War
By 1864, long-term Union advantages in geography,
manpower, industry, finance, political organization and transportation
were overwhelming the Confederacy. In 1865, the Confederacy collapsed
and the slaves were freed.
The main results of the war were the restoration and
strengthening of the Union, and the end of slavery in the United States.
the 11 states that seceded from the Union and lost the
war in 1865 were ruined. Reconstruction was just partly successful and
there was an economically difference between the two parts of the nation
for a long time.
explanation
-
-
slavery
-
-
racial segregation
racism
discrimination
Civil
Right Movement Martin
Luther King
explanation
seperate
but equal
disadvantages
today
key
events
Brown
v. Board of Education
despite of the governmental regulation racism is a
social problem in the United States
law
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth
Amendment
Section 1: All person born naturalized in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction therof, are citizens of the
United States and of the state wherein they reside
Fifteenth
Amendment
Emancipation
Proclamation
Civil
Rights Act
Voting
Rights Act
welfare
provides
assistance for the poor child welfare unemployment
insurance medical care for old people
social
security history
retirement
benefit
The earliest age at which (reduced) benefits are
payable is 62
private insurance is needed or an insurance paid by
the employer explanation
15% of the American population lives below the
poverty line
Social
security Trust Fund
healthcare
sytem
Medicaid
Medicare
Medicare is a health insurance program administered by the United States
government, covering people who are either age 65 and over, or who meet
other special criteria.
health care costs in the United States are high but
there are serious gaps in the public health care system
A lot of people are not able to afford a health
insurance
no national health sceme comparable to EU standards
history
the native
population originally came from Asia and was mistakenly called "Indians"
discovery
of America
first discovered by the Vikings
by
Columbus
first
settlers
searched for raw material and ressources conquered
land destroyed existing cultures settled down and found colonies were
religious and political dissenters start to built farms, infrastructure
and industry had democratic principles
~ Declaration of Independence ~ Civil War
Twenties
the economy was ruined by the stock market crash
1929
New
Deal
~
First World War ~
Second World War ~
Cold War
constitution
democratic
systemDecleration of Independance 27
amendments
A constitutional amendment is an alteration to the
constitution of a nation or a state. In jurisdictions with 'rigid' or
'entrenched' constitutions amendments require a special procedure
different from that used for enacting ordinary laws
Preamble
of the constitution
We the People of the United States, in Order to form
a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure
the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
historical
influence
Magna
Carta
1787 the Constitution was written by the Founding
Fathers and took effect 1789
seperate
branches seperation
of power
executive
branch
head
is the president power of veto head of the armed forces head of the
state
explanation
Constitutional
Powers
leader is the vice president A vice president is an officer in
government or business who is next in rank below a president
Congress
Senate
explanation
constitutional
powers
judical
branch
head is the Chief Justice
law
basis: English Common Law division in state law and
federal law interpretation through soupreme court
constitutional powers
forth
branch
the
press
independent
executive agencies The federal executive is a very large bureaucracy,
and due to civil service rules, most mid- and lowlevel employees do not
change when a new person becomes President. High- level regulators are
appointed by the president but they often sit for long fixed terms and
enjoy independence from other policy makers.
Direct
Democracy a sort of pure democracy, everybody takes part in
Political
Parties
Republicans
Democrats
presidential elections are held every forth year
role
passes laws provides goods and services achieve
financial and economic stability
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